work posture ergonomics

Being and behavior of the workers are technical, economic and organizational, as well as influenced by human factors. they are a part of the work system. Besides the design of the workplace and work equipment
therefore, the organization of work execution and consideration of human To take into account needs.

Here are to note particularly that Different  

• the abilities and characteristics of the workforce 
• between work stress and workload close relationships exist 
• continuous power only below a certain stress level (continuous line) possible 
• unilateral pressures are particularly fast and tiring 
• information about the plan and the results of the work for the health and 
• Well-being of the workers are important

Serve at the technical device of workplaces, equipment and aids the work as a scientific basis. These include e.g.

• limitations due to the individual body weight and the anatomy of people give 
• the need to meet power demands physical abilities 
• knowledge about the physiological and psychological facts of human perception

Body mass
For the design of work and resources are the body mass of workers and employees is of great importance. These alone suffice for the dimensioning of jobs, machines and tools, however, as always, the Movements of the body and the conditions of the task must be observed. often are the required size ranges reachable only by adjusting mechanisms. In some cases it is helpful to the dimensions of the workplace movement space (, height and accessibility of controls and parts) by drawing representation check, e.g. using the standard DIN 33416th 

Body force
The physical strength of the people are dependent on age, gender, height and weight. They are at 20 - to 30-year-old men are greatest. The body forces are energy sales produced in the muscles. When the muscle is working to distinguish between static and dynamic muscle strain. 

The magnitude of the applied force with arms and legs of the body position, the direction of movement and see the position of the force application point dependent (more information Art ArGV3 25, see also Figures A to C). 

A. Dynamic and static body forces. force a function of age (maximum force of Man = 100 percent)

B. Dynamic and static body forces. maximum Duration of a static muscular work in Depending on the effort

C. Dynamic and static body forces

Legal framework 

Jobs, equipment and tools should be designed according to ergonomics safety and set up. Employers and employees provide for their proper use.

Dimensioning and posture

• The working height is the height and the type of work to be adapted. Seating, work surfaceand / or table are to be designed as a unit to a preferred postureto enable, and these are the anatomical and physiological characteristics set for that user. 
• for body movements, especially of the head, arms, hands, legs and feet tosufficient space be provided. 
• control devices, tools or work pieces must be in the functional area of ​​reach. 
• handles conform to the shape and function of the hand and the work task. 
• If severe muscle forces must be used, a suitable posture to and enable to provide supports to the path of force or torque vectorsare supported by the body short and simple.

Physical strength and body movements

• power requirements have the physical capabilities of the employee in accordance stand, and the involved muscle groups need for their power requirements be strong enough. Order to reduce the power requirements to be technical.  Auxiliaries are incorporated in the work system. 
• between the individual body movements is to strive for a good set, and high demands on the accuracy larger body forces should be avoided. If necessary tools should be used. 

Signals, displays, controls

• type and number of signals and displays are to the nature of information and the perceptual skills and meet the reliable quick orientation to serve. A clear perception must be guaranteed, especially for danger signals. 
• are at prolonged observation and monitoring activities by design and arrangement of signals and indicators to avoid over-and under receivables. 
•  controls (controls, switches, levers) must be so designed and arranged as to correspond to the characteristics and possible movements of the body part, with which they are operated. The function of controls shall be readily visible and critical control devices must be protected against inadvertent operation. 

 Tools, equipment

• tools and equipment should the human anatomy, eg hand and the exercise physiology match. Where necessary, are gender distinctions to make. Prolonged static muscle contractions should be avoided. 
• maintenance and service work must be in a safe location in a relaxed work Posture can be made. Control and adjustment points, captions, Measurement points, etc. must be easily visible and clearly arranged.

Design workflow

• high and low demand, which consists of exceeding the upper and lower limits the range of physical and / or mental functions result should be avoided.  
• Successive activities to an extreme division into individual steps avoided and by an extension of the work and maneuver. Workers to be replaced. 
• Wherever possible and appropriate, is to move jobs between different. To promote employment (job rotation). The formation of teams, if possible within autonomous work groups, is an advantage. Here are the individual differences. To consider power assets, age-related changes, as well as personal fulfillment.

Source Arbeit und Körperhaltung CUSSTR / August 2005